Eating Disorders: The Role of the Family in Development and Maintenance of Children's Problems in the Pandemic Period.

INTRODUCTION: According to data released by the Ministry of Health in 2021 in Italy about three million young people suffer from eating disorders with onset before the age of 13 and the number tends to be increasing. This work aims to understand if and to what extent the areas of family functioning are related to the way of eating of adolescents in the period of restriction due to COVID-19. In particular, which dimensions of family functioning can be correlated with dysfunctional eating habits. METHODOLOGY: The group that took part in the study was composed of 154 non clinical subjects, of which 124 females, 27 males and 3 non-binary gender subjects. The tests used were the McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Binge Eating Scale, in addition a personal data sheet was used containing the details of the subjects who participated anonymously, recruited at the university of Italy. The data have some limitations, first of all the low number of the sample and the online modality in compiling the tests. RESULTS: In general, we can say that the Fad and the Bes correlate positively, as the subscales of the Fad increase, the disorganized eating behavior increases and therefore the score of the Bes test. The results of the study indicate that some family dynamics are related to disorganized eating behaviors; it is not possible to establish the specific gravity of the pandemic. It seems likely that compromised family relationships may play a role in promoting the onset of diseases. CONCLUSION: It is appropriate to think of a psychoeducational intervention aimed at families in order to improve immediate family functioning and guarantee young people effective preventive action in subjects at risk in adolescence.

Violence Against Women: An Ever-Increasing Emergency. Path of Escape from Violence.

Violence against women is a complex phenomenon that poses many difficulties. The greatest obstacles, however, are those that women themselves encounter, often with children, who choose to get out of the situation or relationship of violence they experience. Material, economic, housing, psychological difficulties; in this difficult path to escape from violence, women need support and support, needs to which I respond to the Anti-violence Centers (CAV) that have been operating in the various territories for years. In Italy, in 2021 ISTAT published a survey on women who have found listening, services, accompaniment and protection at the CAVs and shelters operating on the Italian territory: they are 54,609 (those who have contacted the CAVs at least once), 3,964 more than in 2019; 30,359, on the other hand, have started a path to escape from violence with the CAVs that adhere to the Intesa Stato Regioni, of which 20,223 (66.1% of the total number of women taken into care) have started the process in 2020 (69, 1% the previous year). On 13 July 2022 it was published by D.i.Re. (Women on the Net against violence) a specific and detailed report on the collection of data on women received by the CAVs of the same D.i.Re network in which: 20,711 women, 3.5% more contacts than in 2020, 8 8% more women who had never turned to CAVs. The data takes into account what we have experienced following the restrictions dictated by the Covid -19 pandemic, which has seen the growth of requests for help from women and the difficulty of activating the path of escape from violence with particular important repercussions on the victims who could not even go to hospital emergency rooms clogged with coronavirus patients.

Eating and Nutrition Disorders: Intra and Post-Lockdown Pandemic Emergencies.

Eating Disorders (ED), currently specified as Eating and Nutrition Disorders (DAN), have impacted their morbidity since the last years of the last century, afflicting large segments of the population, predominantly youth, in the westernized "hemisphere." In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and negatively influenced eating behaviors in both the general population and DAN sufferers. In agreement with many authors, distancing and social isolation have produced eating disconducts or aggravated symptoms in patients undergoing treatment. All this has led in many cases, to the demand for urgent and-or emergency care. This paper aims to review recent literature and expose data on such treatment regimens.